2016–17 in European second tier association football leagues

The 2016–2017 First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was the seventeenth season of the First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the second tier football league of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It began on 6 August 2016 and ended on 3 June 2017. Metalleghe-BSI were the last champions, having won their first ever championship title in the 2015–16 season and earning a promotion to Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The 2017 1. deild karla (English: Men's First Division) was the 63rd season of second-tier Icelandic football. Twelve teams contested in the league. The season began on 5 May and concluded on 23 September.

The 2016–17 Nemzeti Bajnokság II was Hungary's second-level football competition. The season was won by Puskás Akadémia FC, while Balmazújvárosi FC finished second by beating Kisvárda FC on the last day of the match day by 1–0 on 4 June 2017. This season was played with 20 teams after increase from 16 in 2015–16.

The 2016–17 Cypriot Second Division was the 62nd season of the Cypriot second-level football league. It began on 16 September 2016 and ended on 25 March 2017. Alki Oroklini won their first title.

The 2016–17 Russian National Football League was the 25th season of Russia's second-tier football league since the dissolution of the Soviet Union. The season began on 11 July 2016 and ended on 19 May 2017.

The 2016–17 TFF First League, also known as PTT First League due to sponsoring reasons, was the 16th season since the league was established in 2001 and the 54th season of the second-level football league of Turkey since its establishment in 1963–64.

The 2016–17 Macedonian Second Football League was the 25th season of the Macedonian Second Football League, the second division in the Macedonian football league system. It began on 13 August 2016 and ended on 27 May 2017. It was the last season with the current format, as of 2017–18 season the league will be divided into two groups, East and West, for the first time since the 1999–2000 season, with 10 teams in each group instead of the single league structure.

The 2016 1. divisjon (referred to as OBOS-ligaen for sponsorship reasons) was a Norwegian second-tier football league season. The league was contested by 16 teams, and the top two teams were promoted to Tippeligaen, while the teams placed from third to sixth place played a promotion-playoff against the 14th-placed team in Tippeligaen to win promotion. The bottom four teams were relegated to the 2. divisjon.

The 2016–17 EFL Championship (referred to as the Sky Bet Championship for sponsorship reasons) was the first season of the EFL Championship under its current name, and the twenty-fifth season under its current league structure. Newcastle United were crowned the champions and were promoted to Premier League after just one season in the Championship. Brighton & Hove Albion, alongside Huddersfield Town, both achieved Premier League promotions, via the second automatic promotion place and play-off route respectively, Brighton and Huddersfield Town's first ever since the Premier League formed in 1992.

The 2016 Pirveli Liga was the 28th and last season under the name Pirveli Liga before the division was reorganized into Erovnuli Liga 2. It began on 19 August and ended with relegation play-off finals on 10 December.